RULE 1: Use commas in compound sentences when clauses are separated by a conjunction such as “but,” “for,” “nor,” or “yet.”
EX) Mary wanted neither the cookie, nor the brownie.
EX) She wanted to see the romantic movie, but he wanted to watch the scary movie.
EX) The suspect was described as having brown hair, being short and thin.
EX) Some of my favorite foods are stove top popcorn, ice cream, kiwi and chocolate.
RULE 3: Use commas when attributing from quoted material or with a greeting.
EX) She said, “Hello.”
EX) “This steak is delicious,” said Jon.
RULE 4: Commas follow introductory matter, such as after an introductory adverbial clause. Commas also follow two or more introductory prepositional phrases. Use a comma with a phrase that contains a verb used as a modifier.
EX) In my opinion, milk chocolate taste better than dark chocolate.
EX) When the teacher graded the papers, she was sure to use a red pin.
RULE 5: Commas follow a salutation.
EX) Dear Ms. Smith,
EX) Respectfully, Nicole Novy
RULE 6: Commas follow all items in a date or full address.
EX) December 14, 1987, is Mark’s birthday.
EX) Zach has lived in San Diego, Ca.; Vancouver, B.C.; and currently Annapolis, Md.
RULE 7: Commas surround nonessential words or phrases. Commas also set off appositives.
EX) Unfortunately, Mark failed the class.
EX) Mike Curley, my uncle, recently retired as a NARC officer.
RULE 8: Commas surround words of direct address.
EX) Dave, throw out the trash.
EX) Sarah, can you please pay attention.
RULE 9: Commas indicate omitted verbs.
EX) Kim’s daughter won the soccer game; Kim’s son, did not.
EX) The steak was cooked perfectly; the chicken however, was not.
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